GEOGRAPHY THROUGH MAPS

Canada

Canada spans the northern part of the continent, with a western Cordillera, central plains, the Canadian Shield and a large Arctic archipelago. Ottawa is the federal capital; Toronto is the capital of Ontario.

Fast Facts

  • Toronto is on Lake Ontario; Montreal is on the St. Lawrence and is associated with adoption of the Montreal Protocol on ozone-depleting substances in 1987.
  • Halifax is a Nova Scotia port; Saint John is in New Brunswick; St. John’s is in Newfoundland and Labrador.
  • Vancouver is a Pacific port in British Columbia; Calgary is an Alberta energy-business centre near the Rockies, not the location of all oil-sands extraction.
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Connected lessons

Geographical connections

Part of Visualize CSE, an interactive geography atlas for UPSC Civil Services (IAS) preparation.